You will learn how to design a solid authentication and authorization experience; explore unit testing, early integration with backend APIs using Swagger and continuous integration using CircleCI. In the concluding chapters, you will provision a highly available cloud infrastructure on AWS and then use Google Analytics to capture user behavior.
By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the scope of web development using Angular, Swagger, and Docker, learning patterns and practices to be successful as an individual developer on the web or as a team in the Enterprise. Your email address will not be published. Lazy loading allows developers to achieve a sub-second first meaningful paint quickly. By deferring the loading of additional modules, we can keep the bundle size delivered to the browser to a minimum.
The size of a module impacts download and loading speeds, because the more a browser has to do, the longer it takes for a user to see the first screen of the app.
By defining lazily loaded modules, each module is packaged as separate files, which can be downloaded and loaded individually and on demand.
The Angular Router provides smart active link tracking, which results in a superior developer and user experience, making it very easy to implement highlighting features to indicate to the user the current tab or portion of the app that is currently active.
Auxiliary routes maximize the reuse of components and help pull off complicated state transitions with ease. With auxiliary routes, you can render multiple master and detail views using only a single outer template. You can also control how the route is displayed to the user in the browser's URL bar and compose routes using routerLink , in templates, and Router.
Beyond routing, state management is another crucial concept to master if you would like to build sophisticated Angular applications. A class backs every component and service in Angular. When instantiated, a class becomes an object in memory. As you work with an object, if you store values in object properties, then you're introducing state to your Angular application.
If unmanaged, the state becomes a significant liability to the success and maintainability of your application. I'm a fan of stateless design both in the backend and frontend. From my perspective, state is evil, and you should pay careful attention not to introduce state into your code.
Earlier, we discussed how services in Angular are singletons by default. This is a terrible opportunity to introduce state into your application. You must avoid storing information in your services. In this case, we store these anchors in services, so they can be shared across components to synchronize data. In Angular components, the class is a ViewModel acting as the glue code between your code and the template. Compared to services, components are relatively short-lived, and it is okay to use object properties in this context.
However, beyond design, there are specific use cases for introducing robust mechanisms to maintain complicated data models in the state of your application. Progressive web applications and mobile applications are one use case where connectivity is not guaranteed. In these cases, being able to save and resume the entire state of your application is a must to provide a great user experience UX for your end user.
The NgRx library for Angular leverages the Flux pattern to enable sophisticated state management for your applications. Flux is the application architecture that was created by Facebook to assist in building client-side web applications. Using the Flux pattern, you keep the state of your application in a store where access to the store is only possible through well-defined and decoupled functions, resulting in architecture that scales well because, in isolation, decoupled functions are easy to reason with and write automated unit tests for.
Consider the diagram that follows to understand the flow of information between these components:. The NgRx library brings Redux-like a popular React. State management with NgRx allows developers to write atomic, self-contained, and composable pieces of code creating actions, reducers, and selectors.
This kind of reactive programming allows side-effects in state changes to be isolated and feels right at home with the general coding patterns of React. NgRx ends up creating an abstraction layer over already complex and sophisticated tooling like RxJS. In such a scenario, the overhead of dealing with so many events makes it worthwhile to introduce a new coding paradigm to your project. To a lesser extent, NgRx may make sense if you are writing offline-first Progressive Web Apps PWAs , where you may have to persist complicated state information, or architecting a niche enterprise app with similar needs.
Consider the very top of the diagram as an observable action stream, where actions can be dispatched and acted upon as denoted by the circles. Effects and components can dispatch an action.
Reducers and effects can act upon these actions to either store values in the store or trigger an interaction with the server. Selectors are leveraged by components to read values from the store. Given my positive attitude toward minimal tooling and a lack of definite necessity for NgRx beyond the niche audiences previously mentioned, I do not recommend NgRx as a default choice.
In contrast to Angular, React. This basic overview should give you a sense of the significant architectural differences between Angular and React. However, keep in mind that just like Angular, React, its community, patterns, and practices are continually evolving and getting better over time.
Specific Angular versions introduce noteworthy changes to advance the philosophy of the platform and make it more seamless and comprehensive. I recommend checking out the unique changes that these seminal releases have introduced. Most, if not all, of the content, patterns, and practices in this book are compatible with Angular 4 and up. However, Angular 6 was a seminal release of Angular, which brought a lot of under-the-covers improvements to the platform and the overall stability and cohesion across the ecosystem.
The development experience is vastly improved with additional CLI tools that make it easier to update versions of packages and faster build times to improve your code-build-view feedback cycle. With Angular 6, all platform tools are version synced to 6. In the following table, you can see how this makes it easier to communicate tooling compatibility:.
Angular CLI 6. With schematics, you can write custom code to add new capabilities to an Angular app, adding any dependencies, boilerplate configuration code, or scaffolding. A standalone Material Update tool aims to make Angular Material updates less painful, found at Github.
Further schematics can bring their own generate commands to CLI, making your life easier and your code base more consistent over time. In addition, version 4 of webpack is configured to build your Angular application into smaller modules with scope hosting, shortening the first-paint time of your app.
The major theme of Angular 6 is under-the-hood performance improvements and Custom Elements support. As your applications grow, Angular takes advantage of a better tree-shaking technique to further prune unused code out of your final deliverable. Speed is a UX feature in Angular 6. Angular Universal allows for server-side assisted fast startup times, and Angular PWA support takes advantage of native platform features such as caching and offline storage, so in subsequent visits, your app remains fast.
RxJS 6 support allows the tree-shakeable pipe command, reducing bundle sizes more often, and fixes the behavior of throttle as I caution you in Chapter 6 , Forms, Observables, and Subjects , among numerous bug fixes and performance improvements.
TypeScript 2. Angular Material 6 added new user controls such as tree and badge while making the library a lot more stable with a slew of bug fixes, completeness of functionality, and theming in existing components. This makes Angular apps using Material and Flex Layout fully compatible with the last major legacy browser technology that still persists in enterprises and governments despite leaving mainstream support in January alongside Windows 8.
Angular 6 itself can be configured to be compatible down to IE9 using polyfills. This is great for developers who must support such legacy browsers and still be able to use modern technologies to build their solutions.
Some exciting, new ancillary tooling was also released to enable high-frequency, high-performance, or large enterprise use cases. The Nx CLI tool, built by former Angular team members, brings an opinionated development environment setup to Angular, suitable for consultants and large organizations that must ensure a consistent environment.
This book follows a similar pattern and aims to educate you in establishing a consistent architecture and design pattern to apply across your applications. Google's Bazel build tool enables incremental builds, so portions of your application that haven't changed don't need to be rebuilt, vastly improving build times for large projects and allowing the packaging of libraries to be shared between Angular applications.
As mentioned in the Preface of this book, this book has been designed to be effective with any new version of Angular. This is an idea that is championed by the Angular team, who wishes to deemphasize the specific version of Angular you're currently using, instead of focusing and investing in continually staying up to date with every minor and major release of Angular. The Angular team is spending considerable energy and effort to ensure that as much of the code you have written remains compatible, as the performance and feature set of Angular improve over time.
Any breaking change is either supported by automated tools, helping you rewrite portions of your code, or planned deprecations, giving you ample time to phase out unsupported code. Angular 7 brought performance, accessibility, and dependency updates for TypeScript, RxJS, and Node, along with a significant update and the expansion of Angular Material controls; Angular 8 continuous these trends. Angular 9 and its subsequent 9. This update tackles a lot of tech debt removal, brings bug fixes and features, and greatly expands automated test coverage of the framework.
The Ivy rendering engine results in smaller package sizes and faster load times for your apps. In addition, Angular 9. TypeScript 3. The full benefits of the Ivy rendering engine will be felt with future updates. Ivy will allow the creation of tiny and lean Angular applications. Prior to Ivy, the metadata needed to describe an Angular component was stored within a module.
With Ivy, components implement the locality principle, so they can be self-describing. This allows Ivy to lazily load individual components and creation of standalone components. Imagine an Angular library that can render components with a single function call and only be a few kilobytes in size.
This miniaturization makes it feasible to implement Angular Elements using the Custom Elements, part of the Web Components spec. Angular Elements, introduced in version 6, allows you to code an Angular component and reuse that component in any other web application using any web technology, in essence declaring your very own custom HTML element.
These Custom Elements are cross-compatible with any HTML-based tool-chain, including other web application libraries or frameworks. To make this work, the entire Angular framework needs to be packaged alongside your new custom element. This was not feasible in Angular 6, because that meant tacking on at least 65 KB each time you created a new user control. In early , Chrome, Edge, and Firefox support Custom Elements natively, a significant change from the status quo in early Angular 9 enables the Ivy rendering engine by default, and future updates to Angular should drive base bundle sizes to be as small as 2.
In , all major browsers natively support Custom Elements, leaving Safari the last browser implement the standard.
Custom Elements are great for hosting interactive code samples alongside static content. For example, in early , Angular. Other significant updates include the differential loading of JavaScript bundles to improve loading times and time-to-interactive TTI for modern browsers. Angular Router adds backward compatibility to make it feasible to perform piecemeal upgrades of legacy AngularJS projects. This means that every new update to Angular is well tested and there are no backward compatibility surprises.
With all the groundwork laid in version 9, we can expect a more agile and capable framework with Angular I hope you are as excited as I am about Angular and the future possibilities it unlocks. Buckle up your seatbelt Dorothy, 'cause Kansas is going bye-bye. In summary, web technologies have evolved to a point where it is possible to create rich, fast, and native web applications that can run well on the vast majority of desktop and mobile browsers that are deployed today.
Angular has evolved to become a mature and stable platform, applying lessons learned from the past. It enables sophisticated development methodologies that enable developers to create maintainable, interactive, and fast applications.
Angular is engineered to be reactive through and through and, therefore, you must adjust your programming style to fit this pattern. In addition, Angular is meant to be consumed in an evergreen manner, so it is a great idea always to keep your Angular up to date.
Leveraging promises in an Angular app, instead of observables and the async pipe, is equivalent to disregarding all the advice and documentation that the Angular team and thought leaders in the community have communicated.
It is easy to fall into bad practices and habits following shallow or wildly out-of-context advice you may glean from self-help sites or blog posts written with an experimental mindset. In the next chapter, you will be configuring your development environment to optimize it for a great and consistent Angular development experience across macOS and Windows operating systems. In the following chapters, you will learn how to create a basic Angular app, deploy it on the internet, then learn about advanced architectural patterns to create scalable applications, learn how to create a full-stack TypeScript application using Minimal MEAN, and leverage advanced DevOps and Continuous Integration techniques.
Answer the following questions as best as you can to ensure that you've understood the key concepts from this chapter without Googling. Do you need help answering the questions? He is a software development, agile, and cloud engineering expert.
Doguhan is passionate about teaching technology and open-source software. Angular-2 Chat-App with Socket. A free course on AngularJS. AngularJS lets you extend and again free. Skip to content. Angularjs web application free download. Angularjs web application free download eric November 7, Angularjs web application free download Download AngularJS AngularJS but it falters when we try to use it for declaring dynamic views in web-applications.
Search Search. We assume that you have prior experience in writing a RESTful API with the tech stack of your choice; if you don't, you can still gain a lot of benefit from this book, which focuses on the entire scope of frontend development, from design to deployment!
With the following software and hardware list you can run all code files present in the book Chapter He is a full-stack JavaScript, Agile, and cloud engineering practitioner. Doguhan is an active contributor to the open source community, with libraries and tools published for JavaScript, Angular, Node, and MongoDB. Click here if you have any feedback or suggestions. Skip to content. Star
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